前言:
Rsync是一個Linux使用者與網管常用的指令，這指令其實跟SCP很像，就是可以把檔案複製到某地地方的指令工具。但rsync有比對檔案的模式，可以讓傳送的效率更好，因此也變成遠端備份必備工具。
安裝:
sudo apt-get install rsyncReading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
rsync is already the newest version (3.1.3-6).
完成安裝
開始使用:
將檔案傳送到遠端
我們在做雲端Python開發的時候，在目的伺服器不一定會有Python的IDE，特別大部分的時間我們都是用SSH連進去工作。因此這在邊我們可以使用rsync，將畚機編輯好的.py檔案，推到雲端伺服器上面。
sudo rsync -avzh app.py [email protected]:/linebot/將檔案從遠端傳送回來
sudo rsync -avzh [email protected]:/linebot/app.py /home/linebot-draft檔案近端傳送
sudo rsync /home/path1/ /home/path2/常用參數
-a：封裝備份模式，相當於 -rlptgoD，遞迴備份所有子目錄下的目錄與檔案，保留完整資料，包含連結檔、檔案的擁有者、群組、權限以及時間戳記。
-v：verbose 模式，輸出詳細的訊息。
-z：壓縮。
-h：將數字以比較容易閱讀的格式輸出。
-r：遞迴（recursive）備份子目錄下所有的目錄與檔案。
--progress : 顯示傳送速率說明
rsync --helprsync version 3.1.3 protocol version 31
Copyright (C) 1996-2018 by Andrew Tridgell, Wayne Davison, and others.
Web site: http://rsync.samba.org/
Capabilities:
64-bit files, 64-bit inums, 64-bit timestamps, 64-bit long ints,
socketpairs, hardlinks, symlinks, IPv6, batchfiles, inplace,
append, ACLs, xattrs, iconv, symtimes, prealloc
rsync comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you
are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. See the GNU
General Public Licence for details.
rsync is a file transfer program capable of efficient remote update
via a fast differencing algorithm.
Usage: rsync [OPTION]… SRC [SRC]… DEST
or rsync [OPTION]… SRC [SRC]… [USER@]HOST:DEST
or rsync [OPTION]… SRC [SRC]… [USER@]HOST::DEST
or rsync [OPTION]… SRC [SRC]… rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST
or rsync [OPTION]… [USER@]HOST:SRC [DEST]
or rsync [OPTION]… [USER@]HOST::SRC [DEST]
or rsync [OPTION]… rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]
The ‘:’ usages connect via remote shell, while ‘::’ & ‘rsync://’ usages connect
to an rsync daemon, and require SRC or DEST to start with a module name.
Options
-v, –verbose increase verbosity
–info=FLAGS fine-grained informational verbosity
–debug=FLAGS fine-grained debug verbosity
–msgs2stderr special output handling for debugging
-q, –quiet suppress non-error messages
–no-motd suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see manpage caveat)
-c, –checksum skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size
-a, –archive archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)
–no-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. –no-D)
-r, –recursive recurse into directories
-R, –relative use relative path names
–no-implied-dirs don’t send implied dirs with –relative
-b, –backup make backups (see –suffix & –backup-dir)
–backup-dir=DIR make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
–suffix=SUFFIX set backup suffix (default ~ w/o –backup-dir)
-u, –update skip files that are newer on the receiver
–inplace update destination files in-place (SEE MAN PAGE)
–append append data onto shorter files
–append-verify like –append, but with old data in file checksum
-d, –dirs transfer directories without recursing
-l, –links copy symlinks as symlinks
-L, –copy-links transform symlink into referent file/dir
–copy-unsafe-links only “unsafe” symlinks are transformed
–safe-links ignore symlinks that point outside the source tree
–munge-links munge symlinks to make them safer (but unusable)
-k, –copy-dirlinks transform symlink to a dir into referent dir
-K, –keep-dirlinks treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
-H, –hard-links preserve hard links
-p, –perms preserve permissions
-E, –executability preserve the file’s executability
–chmod=CHMOD affect file and/or directory permissions
-A, –acls preserve ACLs (implies –perms)
-X, –xattrs preserve extended attributes
-o, –owner preserve owner (super-user only)
-g, –group preserve group
–devices preserve device files (super-user only)
–copy-devices copy device contents as regular file
–specials preserve special files
-D same as –devices –specials
-t, –times preserve modification times
-O, –omit-dir-times omit directories from –times
-J, –omit-link-times omit symlinks from –times
–super receiver attempts super-user activities
–fake-super store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
-S, –sparse turn sequences of nulls into sparse blocks
–preallocate allocate dest files before writing them
-n, –dry-run perform a trial run with no changes made
-W, –whole-file copy files whole (without delta-xfer algorithm)
–checksum-choice=STR choose the checksum algorithms
-x, –one-file-system don’t cross filesystem boundaries
-B, –block-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block-size
-e, –rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
–rsync-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on the remote machine
–existing skip creating new files on receiver
–ignore-existing skip updating files that already exist on receiver
–remove-source-files sender removes synchronized files (non-dirs)
–del an alias for –delete-during
–delete delete extraneous files from destination dirs
–delete-before receiver deletes before transfer, not during
–delete-during receiver deletes during the transfer
–delete-delay find deletions during, delete after
–delete-after receiver deletes after transfer, not during
–delete-excluded also delete excluded files from destination dirs
–ignore-missing-args ignore missing source args without error
–delete-missing-args delete missing source args from destination
–ignore-errors delete even if there are I/O errors
–force force deletion of directories even if not empty
–max-delete=NUM don’t delete more than NUM files
–max-size=SIZE don’t transfer any file larger than SIZE
–min-size=SIZE don’t transfer any file smaller than SIZE
–partial keep partially transferred files
–partial-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR
–delay-updates put all updated files into place at transfer’s end
-m, –prune-empty-dirs prune empty directory chains from the file-list
–numeric-ids don’t map uid/gid values by user/group name
–usermap=STRING custom username mapping
–groupmap=STRING custom groupname mapping
–chown=USER:GROUP simple username/groupname mapping
–timeout=SECONDS set I/O timeout in seconds
–contimeout=SECONDS set daemon connection timeout in seconds
-I, –ignore-times don’t skip files that match in size and mod-time
-M, –remote-option=OPTION send OPTION to the remote side only
–size-only skip files that match in size
-@, –modify-window=NUM set the accuracy for mod-time comparisons
-T, –temp-dir=DIR create temporary files in directory DIR
-y, –fuzzy find similar file for basis if no dest file
–compare-dest=DIR also compare destination files relative to DIR
–copy-dest=DIR … and include copies of unchanged files
–link-dest=DIR hardlink to files in DIR when unchanged
-z, –compress compress file data during the transfer
–compress-level=NUM explicitly set compression level
–skip-compress=LIST skip compressing files with a suffix in LIST
-C, –cvs-exclude auto-ignore files the same way CVS does
-f, –filter=RULE add a file-filtering RULE
-F same as –filter=’dir-merge /.rsync-filter’
repeated: –filter=’- .rsync-filter’
–exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN
–exclude-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE
–include=PATTERN don’t exclude files matching PATTERN
–include-from=FILE read include patterns from FILE
–files-from=FILE read list of source-file names from FILE
-0, –from0 all *-from/filter files are delimited by 0s
-s, –protect-args no space-splitting; only wildcard special-chars
–address=ADDRESS bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
–port=PORT specify double-colon alternate port number
–sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
–blocking-io use blocking I/O for the remote shell
–stats give some file-transfer stats
-8, –8-bit-output leave high-bit chars unescaped in output
-h, –human-readable output numbers in a human-readable format
–progress show progress during transfer
-P same as –partial –progress
-i, –itemize-changes output a change-summary for all updates
–out-format=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT
–log-file=FILE log what we’re doing to the specified FILE
–log-file-format=FMT log updates using the specified FMT
–password-file=FILE read daemon-access password from FILE
–list-only list the files instead of copying them
–bwlimit=RATE limit socket I/O bandwidth
–stop-at=y-m-dTh:m Stop rsync at year-month-dayThour:minute
–time-limit=MINS Stop rsync after MINS minutes have elapsed
–outbuf=N|L|B set output buffering to None, Line, or Block
–write-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE
–only-write-batch=FILE like –write-batch but w/o updating destination
–read-batch=FILE read a batched update from FILE
–protocol=NUM force an older protocol version to be used
–iconv=CONVERT_SPEC request charset conversion of filenames
–checksum-seed=NUM set block/file checksum seed (advanced)
–noatime do not alter atime when opening source files
-4, –ipv4 prefer IPv4
-6, –ipv6 prefer IPv6
–version print version number
(-h) –help show this help (-h is –help only if used alone)
Use “rsync –daemon –help” to see the daemon-mode command-line options.
Please see the rsync(1) and rsyncd.conf(5) man pages for full documentation.
See http://rsync.samba.org/ for updates, bug reports, and answers
小結:
若想要讓自己撰寫的Script順暢的複製到雲端伺服器，用rsync是不可多得的工具。同時若你也是網站的站長，想把整份HTML5 / WordPress前端檔案(不含SQL)下載到本機備份。用rsync也是沒有問題的。今天就介紹到這邊，之後用遠端web python服務框架也會用到。先學起來以備不時之需吧。